Bacterial Isolates of Urine and their Susceptibility to Antimicrobials

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a collective term used to describe the microbial invasion of any part of the urinary tract, which consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It is one of the most common bacterial infections in both sexes with a predilection in females. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to isolate the bacteria causing UTI and the highest resistance microorganisms with resistance rates to different antibiotics. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study.METHODS: A cross-sectional study with a sample size of 1000 patients both inpatient and outpatient referred to the laboratory of Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital for urine culture and antibiotic susceptibility examination. RESULTS: Of 1000 samples, 318 (31.8%) urine samples were found positive while 682 (68.2%) were negative. Females with bacteriuria held the highest percentage (72.3%) over males (27.7%). Most frequent pathogen was Escherichia coli (40.5%) followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (25.7%) which together accounted for 66.2% of the total uropathogens. The uropathogenic bacterial isolates showed different resistance rates to antimicrobial agents: Cefixime (74%), ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (73.87%), rifampin (68.75%), ceftriaxone (60.31%), cefepime (44.44%), ciprofloxacin (43.65%), aztreonam (33.78%), nitrofurantoin (29.61%), gentamicin (25.64%), and amikacin (7.31%) being the most effective with a susceptibility rate of (89.63%). CONCLUSIONS: E. coli remains to be the most frequent bacterial uropathogen causing urinary infections. Effective drug may be in the clinical study, in microbiology is only that bacteria were most susceptible to amikacin. β-lactams have the highest resistance rates, and the most resistance antibiotic in this study is cefixime

Detection of Five Novel Mutations in K-ras Gene for Iraqi Patients with Bladder Cancer

The present study was carried out in Genetic Engineering and biotechnology Institut

Seismic behavior of a strengthened full scale reinforced concrete building using the finite element modelling approach

In Iraq, the increase in earthquake activity was observed, but most of the existing buildings can still suffer from severe injury or destruction, and therefore can cause major issues. In this paper, we performed numerically analyses by experimental modeling to demonstrate efficiency using final element analysis (FEA) in the development of modern solutions (FEA) in the development of modern solutions to maintain existing structures from the risk of earthquakes. Using ABAQUS software that supports dynamic analysis, and uses this model to use models for several ways to enhance the earthquake center. This model was a large-scale 4 building tested using a doctor dynamic test (PSD). Experimental models were performed by extending RC walls with various connectivity details in existing buildings to comply with gravity design only for this building. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of adding an above RC wall as a way of modernization, including the design of Dowels and their contribution to the new mouse wall's connection to the existing RC buildings. These enhancements are performed by converting the selected compartment to the new inlet wall RC [2]. The result of analysis modeling is 4.11% of the proportion of differences in the X direction in the upper layer displacement of Abaqus software and the experimental test of Elsa results, and 2.15% of the negative direction X is 4.11%. an accurate similarity and exact building modeling. After verification process, three earthquake enhancement methods are used Next analysis

Effects of rare earth nanoparticles (M = Sm2O3, Ho2O3, Nd2O3) addition on the microstructure and superconducting transition of Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ ceramics

The effect of rare earth nanoparticles, M=Sm2O3, Nd2O3 and Ho2O3 added to (Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ)1-x(M)x, where x = 0.00 - 0.05, superconductor were studied by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), resistivity (R), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The volume fraction of high-Tc phase, Bi-2223, decreased from 84% for pure sample to 48, 30 and 23% at x = 0.05 for Sm2O3, Ho2O3 and Nd2O3 additions, respectively. The critical temperature Tc(R=0) that is 102 K for the pure sample decreased to 78, 73 and 69 K at x = 0.05 for samples with Sm2O3, Nd2O3 and Ho2O3 nanoparticles additions, respectively. The additions of rare earth nanoparticles decreased the grain size and increased the random orientation of the grains. The results showed that the phases’ formations, variations of lattice parameters and electrical properties are sensitive to the size of nanoparticles and magnetic properties of its ions

Effects of aging time on microstructure, hydrophobic and optical properties of BiFeO3 thin films synthesized via sol-gel method

BiFeO3 (BFO) films were synthesized with the sol-gel method followed by the spin coating technique using 2-methoxyethanol as solvent and acetylacetone as chelating agent. The effects of aging time (t = 0, 1, 3, 6 days) of the BFO sol on the microstructure, wettability and optical properties of BFO films were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle (CA) measurement, Uv-vis and photoluminescence. The crystallinity of films was affected by t. Crystallite size of the films changed slightly in the range of 14.2 – 15.2 nm while the lattice parameters clearly varied with t. The average particle size of BFO films ranged between 45.9 and 52.7 nm while the mean square roughness (Rq) varied between 1.0 and 4.2 nm. The films showed maximum optical transmittance (81 – 90 %) in the range 600 – 800 nm. The band gap of the films was also affected with t, and it has a value of 2.85 to 2.76 eV. The films showed a hydrophobic property with CA ranging between 95.3 to 104.7 °. The best crystallinity, lowest Rq and highest Eg = 2.85 eV were obtained for the film with t = 1 day. The results demonstrate possible development of a superhydrophobic coating using BiFeO3 coating

Design and development broadband monopole antenna for in-door application

This paper describes the broadband monopole antenna refers to a signal wideband of the frequencies, which can be divided the signal into channels of the frequency bins.  Aim this paper to design and development broadband monopole antenna. The monopole antenna was designed by adding slot to the radiated patch antenna with a single feed line, which reduced the size and the design complexity. A rectangular patch antenna was presented using feed line to decrease the ground plane with a suitable gap distance. The broadband monopole antenna was designed with a frequency range of 800 MHz–3 GHz, with Bandwidth 0.66(dB), reflection coefficients and return loss. The frequency-dependent characteristic impedance was included. It can be used in various broadband applications in used commercially for various communication systems such as 4G (LTE), WiMAX and WLAN (LTE), remote sensing, biomedical, and mobile wireless. Apart from that, this technology is environment-friendly; an antenna which consists of reception and transmission. The antenna is simulated by using computer simulation (CST) software; a low cost of 4.4 permittivity FR-4 substrate is used. The measurement result is accepted with simulation result, proving the acceptable broadband operation for this proposed structure

Structural, electrical and magnetic properties of BiFe1-xYxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) ceramics

The effect of Y substitution on the microstructure, dielectric, magnetic and leakage current properties of BiFe1-xYxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) ceramics was investigated. The BiFeO3 phase that is dominant at x = 0.0 – 0.2 decreased with the increase of Y substitution. Other phases such as YFeO3 and Bi1.46Y0.54O3 emerged with Y substitution and became dominant in the range x = 0.3 – 0.4 and 0.5 – 0.6, respectively. The BiFe1-xYxO3 composites of rounded shape grains at x = 0.0 deformed at x = 0.1 – 0.3 and changed to melted-like grains at x = 0.4 – 0.6 with the incorporation of smaller grains at x = 0.5 and 0.6. The sample with x = 0.2 had the highest remnant magnetization (Mr = 0.09 emu/g) and saturation magnetization (Ms = 2.9 emu/g). The sample with x = 0.4 showed the highest dielectric constant of 104 and lowest loss tangent of 1.34 × 10-4. The leakage current was significantly reduced to a lower value of 2.80 × 10-8 A/cm2 at x = 0.6

An Improved Walsh Function Algorithm for Use in Sinusoidal and Nonsinusoidal Power Components Measurement

This paper presents an improved Walsh function IWF algorithms as an alternative approach for active and reactive powers measurement in linear and nonlinear, balanced and unbalanced sinusoidal three-phase load system. It takes advantage of Walsh function unified approach, simple algorithm and its intrinsic high level of accuracy as a result of coefficient characteristics and energy behaviour representation. The developed algorithm was modeled on the Matlab Simulink software; different types of load, linear and nonlinear, were also modeled based on practical voltage and current waveforms and tested with the proposed improved Walsh algorithms. The IEEE standard 1459-2000 which is based on fast Fourier transform FFT approach was used as benchmark for the linear load system. The data obtained from laboratory experiment to determine power components in harmonic load systems using Fluke 435 power quality analyzer PQA which complies with IEC/EN61010-1-2001 standard was modeled and used to validate the improved algorithm for nonlinear load measurement. The results showed that the algorithm has the potential to effectively measure three-phase power components under different load conditions

Physical properties of Fe doped In2O3 magnetic semiconductor annealed in hydrogen at different temperature

The effects of hydrogen-annealing at different temperatures (300, 400, 500 and 600°C) on physical properties of In2−xFexO3 (x=0.025) thin film were investigated. The structural measurement using XRD shows that the film has a single In2O3 phase structure when annealed in hydrogen at 300–500°C, however when annealed in hydrogen at 600°C the film has a mixed phase structure of In2O3 and In phases. The electrical measurements show that the carrier concentrations of the films decrease with the increase of hydrogen-annealing temperature in the range 300–500°C. The optical band gap of the films decreases with increasing hydrogen-annealing temperatures. The saturation magnetisation, Ms, and coercivity of films increase with the increment of hydrogen annealing temperature. The film annealed at 300°C has the lowest resistivity, ρ=0.03 Ω cm, and the highest carrier concentrations, n=6.8×1019 cm−3, while film annealed at 500°C has both good electrical (ρ=0.05 Ω.cm and n=2.2×1019 cm−3) and magnetic properties, Ms=21 emu/cm-3